The nepali state and the dynamics of the maoist insurgency. The maoist insurgency in nepal sage journals sage publications. Kreuttner, small wars journalthe maoist insurgency in nepal and us coin doctrine full pdf articlesince the beginning of operation enduring freedom oef and operation iraqi freedom oif, the us army has wrestled with how to apply sociocultural factors in counterinsurgency. Known for much of its history as the communist party of nepal or cpnm the precise manner in which the acronym is rendered was that of the group it changed its name to the unified communist party of nepalmaoist ucpnm after the end of the overt conflict. The maoist insurgency in nepal is an offshoot of the socio. I find no evidence that political and economic grievances are linked to the incidence of political violence. Nepal faced a ten year long maoist insurgency problem when the communist party of nepal, cpn maoist declared war in 1996 by rejecting the fundamental premises of nepals constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system established in 1990 and ended with a comprehensive peace agreement in 2006. An armed conflict affects all sections of the society irrespective of caste, class, gender, region, and religion. The successful maoist insurgency has implications for us counterinsurgency doctrine that suggest a.
Many writers have analysed and measured the anatomy of the maoist insurgency in nepal. Reintroduction of democracy in 1990 raised nepalese expectations regarding governance. Child combatants of the maoist peoples liberation army pla. Abstract this paper examines the root causes of maoist insurgency in nepal. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist. Gp capt srinivas ganapathiraju, iaf the maoist movement in india started in the late 1950s as a peasant uprising in the wake of an independence struggle in naxalbari, a small village on the indo nepal border, hence the name naxalism. Considering this fact, friends for peace ffp has decided to reassess nepals relation with india in relation to its perspective, attitude and dealing with the rebels, the impact of nepals leftwing. The reach of the peoples war and the royal nepal armys. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analy. Historical armed struggles in nepal maoist insurgency in nepal that began in 2052 bs and formally ended up in agreement after the 12 points agreement. However, if one turns to the pages of the history of modern nepal, one will observe that these forms of inequality or grievances have been omnipresent, albeit with varying degrees of intensity. In approximately 12 years, from 1996 to 2008, the communist party of nepal maoist waged an insurgency against the nepalese government and gained majority rule through free elections. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence. The insurgency started after the 2004 formation of the cpimaoists a rebel group consisting of the pwg peoples war group and the mcc maoist communist centre.
The dependent variable is the total number of people killed during that period by maoist rebels in each of 3,857 villages. Maoist insurgency in nepal from himal magazine, nepal news archives, and dr. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of. Th e journal of the association centralizing politics and the growth of the maoist insurgenc y in nepal mahendra lawoti 0 recommended citation 0 western michigan university, kalamazoo, usa ce ntra li zin g po li tics an d the growth of the maoi st insurgency in nepal 1 this article argues that the over centralization of politics in nepal contributed in the initiation and the growth of the. Maoist insurgency 19962006 and child health indicators in. Nepal, with a population of approximately 29 million, is a federal democratic republic. The study analyzes involvement of children in the decadelong maoist armed conflict in nepal, an issue of grave human rights violations. To what extent this is a peoples war as opposed to a coercive insurgency on the people remains a deeply contentious issue in nepal and worldwide. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us counterinsurgency doctrineby major timothy r. Pdf the maoist insurgency in nepal and the political. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists. The naxalite maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government. However, children have been one of the most vulnerable groups in the maoist conflict in nepal. Pdf mens participation in the maoist insurgency in nepal.
Child health indicators in nepal by national and subregion areas. Among others, the most important thesis has been to. Between a rock and a hard place human rights watch. The political system is based on the interim constitution of nepal 2063 2007, with a. The insurgency started after the 2004 formation of the cpi maoists a rebel group consisting of the pwg peoples war group and the mcc maoist communist centre. Armed struggles in nepal maoist insurgency in nepal. Nine years after the maoists launched the revolution, i am prompted to revisit the sites of our conversations with the women in view of the tumultuous changes that have taken place. The maoist peoples war has become a direct threat and a deathknell to the government of nepal. In contrast to existing quantitative studies of the civil conflict in nepal, we argue that combinations of motive and opportunity were crucial for the development of the maoist insurgency and that these conditions stem largely from the nature of the nepali state.
The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy. Communist party of nepal maoist cpn maoist left over,000 people dead and. Spatialhorizontal inequality and the maoist insurgency in nepal. On february 2005, the communist party of nepal maoist is going to celebrate the ninth anniversary of the people war. Maoist insurgency in nepal radicalizing gendered narratives. This article examines india nepal relations, namely, indias role in nepal s ongoing maoist insurgency. Introduction on february 2005, the communist party of nepal maoist is going to celebrate the ninth anniversary of the people war. The hypothesis of inequality as the source of violent conflict is investigated empirically in the context of killings by nepalese maoists in their peoples war against their government during 19962003. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists normalized by district population. Ideological and strategic dimensions maoist insurgency in nepal emerged in february 16th 1996 as a protest against issues such as autocratic nature of the monarch, oppressed nationalism, social disparities and political economy of the state of nepal. The communist party of nepal maoist cpnm defeated the government of nepal in a twelveyear insurgency starting in 1996, with the maoists gaining control of the government by way of free elections in april 2008. Within this short span of time, the insurgency, according to the maoists, has reached to the stage of strategic offensive. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us counterinsurgency. Centralizing politics and the growth of the maoist insurgency.
Nepal has joined other south asian countries in facing internal challenges to both state and society. In less than ten years, the maoist insurgency has transformed nepal. Between 1996 and 2006, nepal experienced violent civil conflict as a consequence of a maoist insurgency, which many argue also brought about an increase in. There has been a lot of scholarly debates and analysis to find out the root cause of evolution of maoist insurgency in nepal. Published in 2010, it provides analysis with the benefits of greater temporal distance and social scientific methodology than the timely and pathbreaking volumes that were published in the heat of conflict e. Revolution in the 21st century, brings our attention back to the decadelong peoples war. New issues are analysed in conjunction with the insurgency, such as the role of the maoist student organization, maoist s cultural troupes, the organization and strategies of the peoples army and the royal nepal army, indoctrination and recruitment of rebels, and international factors. In the very birthplace of buddha, peace has proven to be elusive. The nepalese civil war also known as the maoist conflict nepali. Spatialhorizontal inequality and the maoist insurgency in.
The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence avidit acharyay october 2009 abstract this paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. Pdf this article traces the path of the communist party of nepalmaoist ascent to power from the start of nepals 19962006 civil war to its end. Mens participation in the maoist insurgency in nepal. The strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency in nepal. The decadelong insurgency was characterized by two distinct dynamics. Most analyses are based on secondary sources, which are either derogated or exaggerated. These causal explanations shed little light on neither why the insurgency began in 1996. A decade on, legacy of maoist insurgency stalks nepal. The purpose of this monograph is to show that us counterinsurgency doctrine would benefit from greater emphasis on social, cultural, and political aspects of the operating environment, using the case of the maoist insurgency in nepal as an example. With the maoist insurgency in nepal currently bound in the more pacific realm of electoral politics. The midwestern hill subregion was consistently affected by the communist party of nepalmaoist cpnmaoist insurgency and the eastern hill subregion was affected in the latter stages of the insurgency. It argues that the insurgency s trajectory is heavily influenced by transboundary links and should be viewed in the context of indias role in shaping the past 50 years of nepal s political history. Moreover, the maoists established peoples government in many parts of. The communist party of nepal maoist has spread armed conflict across the country and reshaped its political environment irrevocably.
Women and children have borne the brunt of the conflict. Nepal can learn for giving due consideration to indias positive contribution and assistance for solving the maoist insurgency in nepal. Transformation from an insurgency group to a competitive political party krishna hachhethu our party has adopted a resolution on the development of democracy in the 21st century and put forward some new theses. Nepal has experienced frequent government changes over the past two decades. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency. This paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. February 1996, the cpn maoist launched an armed insurgency against the. The naxalitemaoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government supported by rightwing paramilitaries. Maoist guerrilla insurgency or peoples war that was launched in february of 1996 by the communist party of nepalmaoist cpnmaoist. Jun 28, 2005 nepal has witnessed serious human rights violations including arbitrary arrests, detentions, disappearances, extra judicial executions, abductions and torture carried out by both the royal nepalese army and the maoist rebels in the 10 years of the peoples war. Their ideology of a classless society appealed to the masses in these backward.
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